What instrument is used to measure lead concentration for HUD abatement decisions?

• A. XRF detector
• B. Mass spectrometer
• C. Gas chromatography
• D. pH meter

Answer: (A)

Measuring lead concentration for HUD abatement decisions relies on a field-friendly, non-destructive method that can quickly determine lead content in painted surfaces. An X-ray fluorescence detector fits this need by emitting X-rays to excite atoms in the paint and then detecting the characteristic X-rays emitted by lead, providing a concentration value in ppm or percent by weight. This on-site, rapid readout is essential for deciding whether paint is lead-based and what level of abatement is required under HUD guidelines. The other instruments aren’t appropriate for this purpose: a mass spectrometer is a lab-based instrument requiring samples and longer analysis time; gas chromatography targets organic compounds rather than metals; a pH meter measures acidity, not lead concentration.